Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa finite ndi infinite Optical system?

Zolinga zimalola kuti ma microscopes apereke zithunzi zokulirapo, zenizeni ndipo, mwinamwake, gawo lovuta kwambiri pa makina a microscope chifukwa cha mapangidwe awo azinthu zambiri. Zolinga zilipo ndi makulidwe kuyambira 2X - 100X. Amagawidwa m'magulu akulu awiri: mtundu wachikhalidwe wa refractive ndi wowunikira. Zolinga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi mapangidwe awiri a kuwala: zomalizira kapena zopanda malire za conjugate. Mwa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, kuwala kochokera pamalo ena kumalunjika kumalo ena mothandizidwa ndi maelementi angapo a kuwala. Mu kapangidwe kopanda malire, kuwala kosiyana kuchokera pamalo kumapangidwa molumikizana.

Zolinga zokonzedwa mopanda malire zisanayambike, ma microscopes onse anali ndi kutalika kwa chubu. Ma microscopes omwe sagwiritsa ntchito infinity corrected optical system amakhala ndi kutalika kwa chubu - ndiko kuti, mtunda wokhazikika kuchokera kumphuno komwe cholinga chake chimamangiriridwa mpaka pomwe diso limakhala mu diso. Royal Microscopical Society idakhazikika kutalika kwa chubu la microscope pa 160mm m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi ndipo muyezowu udavomerezedwa kwa zaka zopitilira 100.

Pamene zipangizo zowala monga chounikira choyimirira kapena chowonjezera polarizing ziwonjezedwa munjira yowala ya maikulosikopu yokhazikika ya chubu, makina owoneka bwino omwe adawongoleredwa tsopano ali ndi chubu chogwira ntchito kuposa 160mm. Pofuna kusintha kusintha kwa kutalika kwa chubu opanga anakakamizika kuyika zinthu zowonjezera kuwala muzowonjezera kuti akhazikitsenso kutalika kwa chubu cha 160mm. Izi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kukulitsa komanso kuchepa kwa kuwala.

Wopanga maikulosikopu waku Germany Reichert adayamba kuyesa makina owoneka bwino osakwanira m'ma 1930. Komabe, infinity Optical system sinakhale wamba mpaka 1980s.

Makina owoneka bwino a infinity amalola kukhazikitsidwa kwa zida zothandizira, monga ma prisms osiyanitsa (DIC), polarizers, ndi zounikira za epi-fluorescence, munjira yofananira pakati pa cholinga ndi lens ya chubu yokhala ndi zotsatira zochepa chabe pakuwongolera ndi kuwongolera zolakwika.

Mu conjugate yopanda malire, kapena infinite corrected, mamangidwe a kuwala, kuwala kochokera ku gwero loikidwa pa infinity kumalunjika mpaka pamalo aang'ono. Pazolinga, malowo ndi chinthu chomwe chimayang'aniridwa ndi malo opanda malire opita kuchocho, kapena sensa ngati ikugwiritsa ntchito kamera. Mtundu wamakono wamakono umagwiritsa ntchito lens yowonjezera ya chubu pakati pa chinthu ndi diso kuti apange chithunzi. Ngakhale mapangidwewa ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa omwe ali ndi malire ake, amalola kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zowoneka bwino monga zosefera, polarizers, ndi ma splitter a matabwa munjira ya kuwala. Zotsatira zake, kusanthula kowonjezera kwazithunzi ndi kutulutsa kumatha kuchitidwa muzinthu zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera fyuluta pakati pa cholinga ndi lens ya chubu kumalola munthu kuti awone mafunde enieni a kuwala kapena kuletsa mafunde osafunika omwe angasokoneze kukhazikitsidwa. Fluorescence microscopy ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wa mapangidwe. Ubwino wina wogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osatha a conjugate ndikutha kusinthasintha makulidwe malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni. Popeza cholinga makulitsidwe chiŵerengero cha chubu mandala lolunjika kutalika
(fTube Lens)kufikira kutalika kwa cholinga (cholinga)(Equation 1), kuchulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa kutalika kwa lens ya chubu kumasintha kukulitsa cholinga. Nthawi zambiri, mandala a chubu ndi mandala achromatic okhala ndi kutalika kwa 200mm, koma utali wina wokhazikika ukhoza kulowetsedwanso m'malo mwake, potengera kukulitsa kwathunthu kwa makina owonera ma microscope. Ngati cholinga ndi conjugate wopandamalire, padzakhala chizindikiro chopanda malire chomwe chili pagulu la cholingacho.
1 mObjective=fTube Lens/fObjective