Pali mitundu yochulukirachulukira ya ma maikulosikopu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuwunika kumakhalanso kokulirapo. Mwachidule, amatha kugawidwa kukhala ma microscopes owoneka bwino ndi ma microscopes a electron. Yoyamba imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kowoneka ngati gwero la kuwala, ndipo yotsirizira imagwiritsa ntchito matabwa a ma elekitironi monga gwero la kuwala. Ma microscopes owoneka amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo, njira yowonera ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
M'nkhaniyi, tidzawagawa mu mitundu 9 yodziwika bwino malinga ndi momwe amagwiritsira ntchito, kuti muthe kumvetsa bwino microscope ndikusankha mankhwala oyenera.
- Biological Microscope
Mbali ya kuwala ya microscope ya zamoyo imakhala ndi ma lens ndi ma lens. Lens cholinga ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha maikulosikopu. Zolinga zofala kwambiri ndi 4x, 10x, 40x, ndi 100x, zomwe zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: achromatic, semi-plan achromatic, ndi plan achromatic. Makina owonera amatha kugawidwa muzolinga zopanda malire ndi zolinga zopanda malire. Zolinga za Plan achromatic zilibe cholakwika pamawonedwe ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza zasayansi ndi zamankhwala. Mutu wa microscope ukhoza kugawidwa mu mutu wa monocular, binocular ndi trinocular. Ma microscopes a Binocular amatha kuwona zitsanzo ndi maso awiri nthawi imodzi. Zowonjezera zamaso za microscope ya trinocular zimatha kulumikizidwa ku makamera kapena zowonera za digito kuti ziwonetse zithunzi, kuyeza ndi kusanthula momwe zimafunikira pantchito kapena kafukufuku.
Zitsanzo zomwe zimawonedwa nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo zithunzi zachilengedwe, ma cell achilengedwe, mabakiteriya ndi chikhalidwe cha minofu, sedimentation yamadzimadzi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono titha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana, kuzindikira ndi kufufuza za umuna, magazi, mkodzo, ndowe, chotupa cell pathology ndi zina zotero. Ma microscopes achilengedwe amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwona zinthu zowonekera kapena zowoneka bwino, ufa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi zina zambiri.
- Maikulosikopu ya Stereo
Ma microscopes a stereo amagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zowunikira mosiyanasiyana pang'ono kuti apange mawonekedwe amitundu itatu achitsanzo pansi pa disolo, chomwe chimatha kuwonedwa kudzera muzoyang'ana maso. Nthawi zambiri, kukulitsa kwa 10x mpaka 40x kumapezeka, ndipo kukulitsa m'munsi uku, kuphatikizidwa ndi gawo lalikulu lakuwona ndi mtunda wogwirira ntchito, kumathandizira kusokoneza kwambiri chinthu chomwe chikuwonedwa. Pazinthu zosawoneka bwino, imagwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa kowoneka bwino kuti muwone bwino 3D.
Ma microscopes a stereo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu monga ma board board, zamagetsi, semiconductor ndi kuyang'anira botanical ndi kuphunzira. Ma microscopes a stereo amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ndi kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana monga kuphunzitsa kanyama kanyama, makanda oyesa machubu ndi sayansi ya moyo.
Polarizing Microscope
Polarizing Maikulosikopu amagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kuwala kuti awonjezere kusiyana pakati pa zomanga ndi kachulukidwe kokulirapo. Amagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kofalitsidwa ndi/kapena konyezimira, kosefedwa ndi polarizer ndikuwongoleredwa ndi analyzer, kuwunikira kusiyana kwa kapangidwe, kachulukidwe, ndi mtundu pazitsanzo. Choncho, iwo ndi abwino kuonera birefringent zipangizo.
Polarizing microscopes amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu geology, petrology, chemistry ndi mafakitale ena ambiri ofanana.
Microscope ya Metallurgical
Ma microscopes a Metallurgical ndi ma microscopes amphamvu kwambiri omwe amapangidwa kuti aziwona zitsanzo zomwe sizilola kuwala kudutsa. Kuwala konyezimira kumawala kudzera mu mandala omwe akufuna, kumapereka kukula kwa 50x, 100x, 200x, 500x, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale 1000x. Maikulosikopu ya Metallographic imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana ma microstructure, ming'alu ya micron, zokutira zoonda kwambiri monga utoto ndi kukula kwa tirigu muzitsulo.
Ma microscopes a Metallographic amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga ndege, kupanga magalimoto, ndi makampani omwe amasanthula zitsulo, zophatikizika, magalasi, matabwa, zoumba, ma polima, ndi makhiristo amadzimadzi. Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zofananira mumakampani a semiconductor ndikuwunika ndikuwunika zowotcha.
Microscope ya Fluorescent
Ma microscopes a Fluorescent amatulutsa kuwala m'maselo opaka utoto wa fulorosenti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a cell awoneke bwino kuposa maikulosikopu wamba pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala. Ma microscopes a Fluorescent alinso omvera kwambiri ndipo amatha kuzindikira kusiyana kwa kuwala ndi kutalika kwa mawonekedwe. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuwona zambiri zomwe sizingawoneke ndi ma microscopes owoneka bwino oyera.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu biology ndi zamankhwala pophunzira mapuloteni am'manja ndikuzindikira mabakiteriya m'zamoyo.
Microscope ya Gemological
Gemological microscope ndi microscope yoyima pawiri yosavuta stereo mosalekeza. Kukulitsa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 10 mpaka 80 nthawi. Ili ndi gwero lounikira pansi komanso gwero lapamwamba lowunikira, ilinso ndi zowunikira zamdima zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gwero lakuya lapansi, ma diaphragm osinthika ndi tatifupi za miyala yamtengo wapatali. Imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuyang'anira zinthu zambiri ndikufufuza miyala yamtengo wapatali pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopatsirana kapena zowonetsera.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira ndi kuyesa miyala yamtengo wapatali yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi magiredi, komanso kuyika miyala yamtengo wapatali, kusonkhanitsa, ndi kukonza.
Kufananiza Maikulosikopu
Ma microscopes oyerekeza ndi ma microscope apadera, amatchedwanso ma microscopes azamalamulo. Simangokhala ndi kukulitsa kwa maikulosikopu wamba, komanso imatha kuyang'ana chithunzi cha chinthu chomwe chili kumanzere ndi kumanja pamakina owoneka nthawi imodzi ndi zida zamaso. Ikhoza kufanizitsa zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zazikulu kapena zazing'ono kuti zifufuze, kusanthula ndi kuzindikira kusiyana kwawo kochepa mu mawonekedwe, bungwe, kapangidwe, mtundu kapena zinthu kudzera pa docking, kudula, kupindika, kuzungulira, ndi zina zotero. .
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa mitundu iyi ya ma microscopes apawiri ali muupandu ndi ma ballistics. Ndiwo maziko a sayansi yazamalamulo, nawonso. Magawo ena asayansi, kuphatikiza paleontology ndi ofukula zakale, amagwiritsanso ntchito maikulosikopu apadera awa.
Munda Wamdima Maikulosikopu
Pali pepala lowala pakati pa condenser ya microscope yamdima, kuti kuwala kowunikira kusalowe mwachindunji mu lens ya cholinga, ndipo kuwala kokha komwe kumawonetseredwa ndi kusokonezedwa ndi chitsanzocho kumaloledwa kulowa mu lens ya cholinga, kotero kumbuyo. a munda wa view ndi wakuda, ndipo m'mphepete mwa chinthu ndi owala. Pogwiritsa ntchito microscope iyi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono ngati 4-200 nm titha kuwoneka, ndipo chiganizocho chikhoza kukhala nthawi 50 kuposa ma microscope wamba.
Kuunikira kwa Darkfield ndikoyenera makamaka kuwonetsa mikombero, m'mphepete, malire ndi ma refractive index gradients. Kuwona tizirombo tating'ono ta m'madzi, ma diatoms, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, fupa, ulusi, tsitsi, mabakiteriya osaipitsidwa, yisiti, maselo amtundu wa minofu ndi protozoa.
Phase Contrast Microscope
Kusiyanitsa kwa microscope kwa gawo kumagwiritsa ntchito kusokoneza ndi kusokoneza zochitika za kuwala kuti zisinthe kusiyana kwa kuwala kwa njira kapena kusiyana kwa gawo la kuwala komwe kumadutsa pachitsanzocho kukhala maikulosikopu ya amplitude yomwe imatha kuthetsedwa ndi maso. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa kuwala ndi mdima pazithunzi za zinthu zokhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana kumawongoleredwa, zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'ana ma cell osadetsedwa. Ma microscopes osiyanitsa magawo amatha kugawidwa kukhala maikulosikopu olunjika agawo ndi maikulosikopu opindika.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kulima ndi kuyang'ana umuna, maselo amoyo ndi mabakiteriya, komanso kupereka ntchito zapadera monga kuwonetsetsa kapangidwe ka mwana wosabadwayo ndi kusiyanitsa magawo a mwana wosabadwayo.
Tikukhulupirira kuti zomwe zili pamwambazi zingakuthandizeni kusankha mtundu woyenera wa microscope, ngati muli ndi mafunso, chonde titumizireni.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-06-2022